Petition for review a BIA’s denial of an El Salvadoran citizen’s petition for withholding of removal on the ground that former Salvadoran gang members do not constitute a particular social group, nor can membership in a criminal gang constitute membership in a particular social group, is granted and the Board’s decision is vacated and remanded as a gang is a group and being a former member of a group is a characteristic impossible to change, except perhaps by rejoining the group. 

Read Ramos v. Holder, No. 09-1932

Appellate Information

Petition for Review and Order of the Board of Immigration Appeasl

Decided December 15, 2009

Judges

Before:  Cudahy, Posner, and Rovner, Circuit Judges

Opinion by Posner, Circuit Judge

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